Wednesday, November 16, 2016

"The Boy in The Striped Pajamas" by John Boyne







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The Boy in The Striped Pajamas

Description:  The Boy in The Striped Pajamas is a historical work of fiction set during World War II sometime in the 1940’s.  The novel follows Bruno, a young German boy, and his point of view of the story.  Bruno’s father moves their family to Auschwitz on Hitler’s order.  He has no friends and his older sister Gretel is the only other kid to play with.  What Bruno lacks in age or experience he makes up with perception.  Kids are very perceptive to the world around them especially when it comes to things they’re not supposed to see.  Part of his new environment is a barbed wire fence that separates their home from the Auschwitz death camp; however, Bruno is not told anything about the camp except that he is not to go past the fence.  Bruno does notice that there are more kids on the other side of the fence and this makes him curious – hence the perceptiveness of children.  A part of his perceptiveness, Bruno begins to question the actions and characteristics of the people he interacts with on a daily basis.  Internally he dislikes a Nazi soldier who is supposed to help Bruno and he also questions why Pavel is the family’s cook after he tells Bruno that he is actually a doctor.  Bruno curiosity deepens after Pavel cleans a wound Bruno received while playing and his mother says to him to tell no one that Pavel was the one who aided him.  Bruno later meets Schmuel – the boy in the striped pajamas.  While he and Bruno live on opposite sides of the fence they do share the same birthday.  Both boys begin a friendship despite the fence.  On the day of Bruno’s father’s birthday, Bruno finds Schmuel in his family’s kitchen cleaning glasses.  Bruno offers Schmuel a piece of chicken and eats it.  Both boys are caught by the same Nazi soldier that Bruno dislikes.  When Schmuel tries to defend himself saying that Bruno gave him the chicken, Bruno denies it.  A year passes and Bruno’s mom tells everyone that she wants to take the children with her back to Berlin.  Despite the prospect of returning home to Germany after living in Poland for the past year, Bruno is finally comfortable living in his new home – mainly because of his friendship with Schmuel – and now hates having to leave his friend.  Upon breaking the news to Schmuel, Schmuel reveals that his own father has gone missing.  In an attempt to help his friend, Bruno vows to help Schmuel find his missing father.  The following day, Bruno sneaks under the fence and puts on a pair of striped pajamas – just like Schmuel wears.  After both boys search the camp only to come up with no leads to where Schmuel’s father might be, they are surrounded by Nazi soldiers and told to march towards a gas chamber.  While the boys don’t know what’s about to happen, chaos insues in the chamber.  The story then jumps to the father’s POV and his search for his missing son.

Rationale:  The Boy in The Striped Pajamas was not introduced to me initially as a book.  It was a movie and I was interested in the idea of a child’s perspective of Auschwitz.  While Bruno was unaware of the death camp situation until the end of the novel, he was able to develop a friendship with a Jewish boy his own age despite the ever present prejudices he experienced.  While most teacher applicants might choose to use a dystopian novel to teach their class, I believe that our students have as much to learn about the history of death camps such as Auschwitz and how the oppressed and marginalized end up in these horrible situations.  Working from the past can help students interpret what it takes to change the outcome of our own future.  While this text is appropriate for a ninth grade reading level, I believe that this may be used in a classroom of tenth or eleventh grade students due to its content and the themes about morality, persecution, race and a history of the Holocaust. 


Teaching Strategies: 

1.     Each night, assign chapters for students to read so that they come to class each day prepared to discuss what they’ve read and be ready to ask any questions they have regarding those chapters.
2.     While continuing to read this book, both in and out of class, each student will be tasked in keeping a reading journal with them.  Each student will write in their journals any predictions about future chapters, any questions regarding the chapters being read, an analysis of characters and their actions, or they may put themselves in the place of any character in the chapter they have read and discuss what they’re feeling.
3.     A brief lesson on what students already know about the Holocaust is necessary in order for them to understand the concepts surrounding Hitler’s Nazi Germany and the people they persecuted.
4.     The novel leaves the ending a little ambiguous to the reader.  In order for students to shed some personal insight as to what happened, an in-class writing assignment could help students fill in the gap of what they believe happened to Bruno and Schmuel or what happened after Bruno’s father pieced together his son’s “disappearance.” 

Obstacles:  John Boyne’s novel is not for the faint of heart.  It portrays the death of children and also contains scenes of abuse between a Nazi servant and a Jewish prisoner.  While the story’s central point of view is from Bruno, it doesn’t stop or erase the fact that he is a witness to what happens in Auschwitz and suffers the same fate as his friend Schmuel, despite being the son of a Nazi officer.  (This book has yet to be banned.)


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